Architectural remains of the graveyard near Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)

Architectural remains of the graveyard near Najm Castle (Qalʿat Najm)

An inscription on the wall of Damascus Citadel

An inscription on the wall of Damascus Citadel

The southern tower of Qal‘at Shayzar

The southern tower of Qal‘at Shayzar

A small window in the middle of a niche- upper floor, Qal‘at Shayzar

A small window in the middle of a niche- upper floor, Qal‘at Shayzar

The southern tower of Qal‘at Shayzar

The southern tower of Qal‘at Shayzar

Byzantine decorated basalt stone reused in the construction of Qal‘at Shayzar

Byzantine decorated basalt stone reused in the construction of Qal‘at Shayzar

A building belongs to Qal‘at Shayzar

A building belongs to Qal‘at Shayzar

An Arabic inscription on the wall of Qal‘at Shayzar

An Arabic inscription on the wall of Qal‘at Shayzar

The northern wall of the Damascus Citadel

The northern wall of the Damascus Citadel

Restoration works at the Citadel of Damascus

Restoration works at the Citadel of Damascus

The citadel of Damascus during the restoration in 1985

The citadel of Damascus during the restoration in 1985

View from afar to al-Mudiq Citadel

View from afar to al-Mudiq Citadel

In the vicinity of a small town/village on the slope of a natural rock, possibly in the Afrin region

In the vicinity of a small town/village on the slope of a natural rock, possibly in the Afrin region

The North West Tower of Damascus Citadel

The North West Tower of Damascus Citadel

The northern wall of the Damascus Citadel

The northern wall of the Damascus Citadel

Stonework in the Citadel of Damascus

Stonework in the Citadel of Damascus

View on the Euphrates River from the site of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya)

View on the Euphrates River from the site of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya)

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The gate of south-western side, Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya)

The gate of south-western side, Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya)

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

A side from archaeological city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya)

A side from archaeological city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya)

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), Roman amphitheater

Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), Roman amphitheater

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

Fragment with wall painting, 1st category remains, from San Salvatore a Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig.20_1st category

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

Excavation works, Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya)

Excavation works, Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya)

Excavation works, Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya)

Excavation works, Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya)

Rubble from modern material, 3rd category remains, in Goldsmith bazaar lane, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.23_3rd category